中国瑞士低碳城市项目考察——建筑物围护结构建设、能源及建筑.pdf

CCGH – 建筑围护结构能力中心 CCGH – Competence Centre Building Envelopes 安 德 里 亚斯教授 Prof. Dr. Andreas Luible andreas.luiblehslu.ch 琉森技术与建筑学院 Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture 成本法案TU1403主编 Chair of COST Action TU1403 中国瑞士低碳城市项目考察 建筑物围护结构 建 设 、能 源 及 建筑 SSLCC Study Tour Building envelope construction, energy and architecture 2019年1 月11 日 11 January 2019SSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 2 CCGH– 建筑围护结 构能力中心 CCGH - Competence Center Building Envelopes 负责人 Head 安德里亚斯教授 Prof Dr Andreas Luible 团队 Team 14 名研究员/技术人员researchers/technicians 设施 Infrastructure 公认的建筑外观测试实验室 Accredited façade test lab （公告机构N2188） notified body N2188 机械测试机器 Mechanical testing machines 玻璃测试设备 Glass testing facilities 光电测角仪 Photogoniometer 光量测实验室 Laboratory for light measurements 热表面实验设施 Facilities for thermal façade testing 研究 Research 自适应建筑围护 Adaptive building envelopes 绿色外立面 Green facades 光伏在建筑中的应用 Use of photovoltaics in architecture 有色光伏组件 Colored PV modules 日光控制系统 Daylight control systems 建筑玻璃 Structural glass 钢构及金属结构 Steel and metal construction 建筑外立面施工 Façade construction 风力工程 Wind engineering 生物复合材料在建筑外立面中的应用 Bio composite application in facades 软件开发 Software developmentSSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 3 欧洲所有终端用 户 能 量 的30 用于建筑物的运营 30 of all end user energy in Europe is used for the operation of buildings 跨州能源理事会 EnDK, 2014 通过改善现有及未来建筑围护结构有可能使 高达71 的能源需求得到减少 Energy demand may be reduced by up to 71 by improving existing and future building envelopes 欧洲建筑性能研究所 Building Perance Institute Europe, 2011 建筑围护结 构 对实现瑞士和欧盟节能与二氧化碳减排目标起着 非 常重要 的作用 Building envelopes play a key role achieving the CH and EU energy and CO 2 emission reduction targets. CCGH- 任务目标 CCGH - MissionSSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 4 现状 Situation today 积极进行外立 面 改造 （ 目前 ） Energetic renovation of facades today SSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 5 现状 Situation today www.energiesparcup.biz 方法是否正确 Right approachSSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 6 建筑围护结构 Building envelopes 用户要求不断 变 化 活动、舒适度、温度、湿度 光照、空气质量、文化、职业 Varying user requirements activity, comfort, temperature, humidity, light, air quality, culture, occupancy 问题目前大部分的建筑 围护结 构属于 “静态”系统 Problem currently most building envelopes are «static» systems 不 断 变 化 的 边 界条件（ 每小时、 每天、每 个季节、 每年、区 域、 ） Varying boundary conditions hourly, diurnal, seasonal, annual, regional, SSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 7 © Wikimedia Kabir Bakie © Wikimedia Jean-Louis Vandevivère 自适应、多功 能 、动 态 、智 能 、高 效 Adaptiv, multifunctional, dynamic, intelligent, efficient 自然将作为未来建筑围护的灵感启发 Nature as inspiration for future building envelopesSSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 8 未来建筑围护结构 Future building envelopes 建筑围护结构不应再被 视为通过改善参数（例如隔热） 来解决 的建筑存在的“问题” Building envelopes should no longer be seen as a “problem“ of the building to be “eliminated“ by improving a parameter e.g. thermal insulation. 建筑围护结构应被视为可 以从环 境与边 界条件 中获利 的一个 机会和挑战 The building envelope should be seen as an opportunity and a challenge to benefit from the environmental and boundary conditions. 建筑围护结构应该不仅是 一个“ 能源用 户”， 还应该 用于获取能源 The building envelope should not only be an “energy consumer“, but be used to harvest energy. 建筑围护不再应该仅仅作 为一个 结构要 素来理 解，而 是一个 与外界 环境关 联的多 功能、 动 态、自适应和智能的接口 ，可以 用来对 建筑的 能源平 衡产生 正面影 响 Building envelopes should no longer be understood only as construction elements, but as a multifunctional, dynamic, adaptive and intelligent interface with the outdoor environment, which can be used to positively influence the energy balance of buildings. 需要为未来建筑围护结构 制定新 式整体规划方法 New holistic planning approaches are needed for future building envelopes. 要求进行思维模 式 转移 require a paradigm shiftSSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 9 产能外 立 面 Energy-generating facades Grosspeter 大厦，巴塞尔（ Grosspeter Tower © Adriano Biondo ） Grosspeter Tower, Basel Grosspeter Tower © Adriano Biondo MFH ，布吕腾 （来源Umwelt 展览馆） MFH, Brütten Quelle UmweltarenaSSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 10 产能外 立 面 Energy-generating facades 光 伏 外 立面瑞士制造Umwelt 展 览 馆 ，瑞士斯普赖滕巴赫（Spreitenbach ） PV Fassade «Swissness» Umweltarena Schweiz, Spreitenbach 琉 森 大 学研究 建筑一体化光 伏 项目BIPV 创新性产品开发 关注技术与建筑方面 打印光伏玻璃 Research at Lucerne University Building integrated photovoltaic BIPV Innovative product developement Focus on technical and architectural aspects Printed PV glazingsSSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 11 产能外 立 面 Energy-generating facades NEST – «Schön viel Strom produzieren» / HSLU TA, ÜserHuus AG, and EMPA Innovative PV-spandrel panels made of different glazings and printing designs NEST – «Schön viel Strom produzieren» / 琉森应用科学与艺术大学， ÜserHuus公司、瑞士联邦材料科学与技术实验室 利用不同玻璃和印刷图案生产的创新性光伏- 外墙面板SSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 12 绿色建筑围护结构 Green building envelopes One Central Park, Sidney Source ARUP Cities Alive Source ARUP Cities Alive 优势 are able to 提高空气质量（更少污染 ） create a better air quality less pollution 隔音 ，减少噪音问题 reduce acoustic and noise problems 降低城市热岛效应 reduce urban heat island effects 提高城市居民的幸福感受 increase the well-being of urban citizensSSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 13 绿色建筑围护结构 Green building envelopes 建筑围护结构能力中心研究项目 绿色外立面对建筑结构的反作用 Research project at the CC GH „Reaction forces on the building structures due to green facades“ 工业合作方 Jakob绳索系统公司 Industry partner Jakob AG Rope SystemsSSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 14 绿色建筑围护结构 Green building envelopes 在风洞中研究风的反作用 Study of wind reaction forces in the Wind tunnel 研究植物栽培产生的反作用 Study of reaction forces due to the growth of plantsSSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 15 自适应建筑围护结构- 迪拜安巴尔 塔（Al Bahr Towers ） Adaptive building envelopes – Al Bahr Towers, Abu Dhabi Source Abdulmajid Karanouh, AEDA 中文 Quelle Abdulmajid Karanouh, AEDASSSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 16 来源Source Abdulmajid Karanouh, AEDAS 自适应建筑 围 护 结构- 迪拜安巴尔塔（Al Bahr Towers ） Adaptive building envelopes – Al Bahr Towers, Abu DhabiSSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 17 生成输入数据 用于控制系统 Generated data for the control system 光照模拟 Light simulation 自适应建筑 围 护 结构- 迪拜安巴尔塔（Al Bahr Towers ） Adaptive building envelopes – Al Bahr Towers, Abu DhabiSSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 18 自适应建筑围护结构- 其它案例 Adaptive building envelopes – other examples SSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 19 自适应 技 术 Adaptive technologies 带有可调节G值的电变 色玻璃 Electrochromic glazing with adaptable g-valueSSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 20 自适应建筑围护结构新技术 New technologies for adaptive building envelopes 仿生学灵感 Inspiration from Bionics BioSkin Quelle S. Gosztonyi, AITSSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 21 琉森应用科学与艺术大学“太阳能平 衡外立面” “Solar Energy Balanced Façade” project at HSLU TA 研究项目 Research Project 起始日期 Start 2016年12月December 2016 期限 Duration 36个月 month 预算 Volume 瑞郎 200’000 CHF 由瑞士国家科学基金支持 supported by the Swiss national Science Foundation 通过考虑外立面系统的动态效应，开发一套带有热能存储和太 阳能收集管理功能的太阳能平衡外立面系统 Development of a solar energy balanced façade system with thermal storage and a solar heat gain management by taking into account the dynamic effect of the façade system. 方法 Approach 低技术方案 Low-tec solution 减少冬季的热损失 Reduced heat losses in wintertime 减少过热减少直接获取的太阳能，采用有效的遮阳控制 Reduce overheating less direct solar gains, efficient shading control 通过阻尼能量峰值为暖通空调系统提供支持 Support the HVAC system by damping energy peaks 数值模拟（ Modelica-Dymola 仿真建模语言） Numerical simulation Modelica-Dymola 11实物模型试验 11 Mock-up testing 冬季 原理 Principle Winter 初次结果 First resultsSSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 22 自适应外立面时间量程 Timescales of adaptive facades 秒 seconds 分 minutes 小时 hours 天 diurnal 季节 seasonal 风速 风向 wind speed wind direction 云层 cloud cover 太阳运动 空气温度 sun movement air temperature 住户 空气温度 日光照射 occupants air temperature solar radiation 中 高 纬 度地区的季节效应 seasonal effects in medium and high latitudes 自适应外立面 Adaptive FacadesSSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 23 适应范围及控制类型 Scale of adaption and control type 宏观范围 Macro scale 例如移动部件、活动外立面、补充外围部件 e.g. moving parts, moving facades, supplementary external components, 微观范围 Micro scale 直接影响材料内部结构的变化（如电变色玻璃、 光变色玻璃、相变材料） changes directly affect the internal structure of a material e.g. electrochromic glass, photochromic glass, phase change materials 外部控制 Extrinsic control 利用传感器、处理器和制动器等对行为进行积 极调节 behaviour can be adjusted actively with sensors, processors and actuators, 内部控制 Intrinsic control 自适应能力是系统的固有特性，自我调节 adaptive capacity is an inherent feature of the system, self adjusting 自适应外立面 Adaptive FacadesSSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 24 实际情况 Actual situation 研究活动分散 Dispersed research activities 各种独立技术 Individual technologies 不同单体项目 Individual projects 自适应外立面 Adaptive Facades 需求 Needs 研究机构与产业间跨学科合作 Multidisciplinary cooperation between research and industry 新型部件/ 技术 New components/technologies 性能评估方法 Perance assessment s 与建筑物整合 Integration into the buildingSSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 25 COST法案TU1403- 自适应外立 面网络 COST Action TU1403 - Adaptive Facades Network 琉 森 应 用科学大学发起 Initiated by the Lucerne University of Applied Science 主编Chair 安德里亚斯教 授Prof. Dr. Andreas Luible H2020资 金支持H2020 funding 60万欧元600’000 EUR 期限 Duration 2015 年1 月-2018年11 月January 2015 – November 2018 28 个 COST国家 COST countries 210 个 参与方 Participants researcher, industry partners, 13次 会议 Meetings 31个 短期科研 任 务 Short term scientific missions STSM 2 所 培训学校 Training Schools 2 次 行业研讨 会 Industry Workshop 2 次 国际会议 International conferences  50种 出版物 publications 所 有 成 果都得到初版 All results are published on www.tu1403.euSSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 26 COST法案TU1403- 自适应外立 面网络 COST Action TU1403 - Adaptive Facades Network 目标 Objectives 行业与学术界之间协调共享欧洲的研究和 知 识 并促进 两者之间的合作 Harmonize and share European research and knowledge between industry and academia and foster their collaboration 促进有关自适应外立面的新颖概念、技术与产品 的开 发 Foster the development of novel concepts, technologies and products for adaptive facades 促进有关自适应外立面性能评估整体方法、权值和工 具 的开发 Foster the development of holistic approaches, metrics and tools to uate the perance of adaptive Facades 促进自适应外立面在建筑中的综合应用 Promote the integration of adaptive facades into buildings 在自适应外立面领域开展新的研究项目 Initiate new research projects in the area of adaptive facadesSSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 27 COST法案TU1403-自适应外立面网络 COST Action TU1403 - Adaptive Facades Network 出版成果 （1700 页） Published results 1700 pagesSSLCC Study Tour – HSLU TA – Competence Center Building Envelopes, 11 January 2019 – Slide 28 谢谢 Thank you 联系方式 Contact www.hslu.ch/ccgh www.tu1403.eu andreas.luiblehslu.ch