产业生态学实施_瑞士日内瓦州案例分析.pdf

Implementing industrial ecologyCase Study of the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland产 业生态 学 实施 瑞士日内瓦州案例分 析Prof. Suren ERKMAN苏伦 ∙埃尔克曼教 授Head, Industrial Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, University of Lausanne洛桑大学地球科学与环境系产业生态学研 究组组长Chairman of the Board, SOFIES Group, Geneva日内瓦 SOFIES集团董事 长Collaboration SOFIES Team, Geneva合作团队 日内瓦 SOFIES团 队Geneva, August 2018Implementing Industrial EcologyCase study of the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland产业生态学实施瑞士日内瓦州案例分析Implementing industrial ecologyRepublic and Canton of Geneva, Switzerland产业生态学实施 瑞士日内瓦州Documents参考材料Chinese version freelyavailable on the Internet 网上免费获取中文版First book on industrial ecology in the context of developing / emerging economies第一本关于发展中经济体的产业生态学书籍INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGYCONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND AND OLOGY产业生态学概念背景和方法论Highlights on implementations of industrial ecologythe case of Geneva产业生态学的实施亮点日内瓦案例Industrialization as a Historical Process工业化历史进程英国法 国西班牙日本印度中国德 国意大利The rise of global Industrial Metabolism全球工业代谢的兴起Translocations excavations, irrigation位置转移挖掘、灌溉s投入Minerals 矿物质Oil 石油Gas 天然气Water 水Air 空气Agriculture 农业Hunting 狩猎Outputs产出Wastes 垃圾Wastewater废水VariousEmissions 各类排放Dissipation损耗EconomySource Wuppertal Insitut«Physical accounting»Material and Energy Flow Analysis - MEFAResourcesProductsWastesEconomic ActivityStockFlowsPrinciple conservation of mass and energyImportationsStockEmissionsUnusedIndigenousextractionNationaleconomyOECD Handbook on Material Flows Accounting 2008UsedUnusedExportationsRest of the worldIndirectFlowsRest of the world OUPUTSource Federal Statistical Office Switzerland, 2005Main MFA indicators主要物料核算指标 DMI minus exports DMI 减去出口投入 库存 输出Physical national accountsnew perance indicators for national economies国家实物核算 国家经济的新绩效指标 TMR Total Material RequirementTMR 物料总需求量 DMI Direct Material DMI 直接物料投入 DMC Direct Material ConsumptionDMC 直接物料消耗 NAS Net Addition to StockNAS 净库存增加量 DPO Directly Processed OutputDPO 直接加工产出Total material flows in Switzerland OFS, 2012瑞士物料总流量 瑞士联邦统计署 , 2012 TMR Total Material Requirement TMR 物料总需求量 Total consumption in 20112011年总消耗量 350 million tons约 3.5亿吨 44 tons / person / year约 44吨 /人 /年or 120 kg / person / day或 约 120千克 /人 /天Source K. HaladaOther exampleUranium for nuclear electricityplants 8’500 kg for 1 kg其它案例 核电厂所用的铀 生产 1千克需要 8500千克材料1克铂金背后涉及 1.2吨材料铂金戒指 4克物 料总需求量 4.8吨Cornerstone of Green Economy绿色经济的基石DECOUPLING脱钩Objective目标Decouple economic activities fromimpacts and resource consumption经济活动与影响和资源消耗“脱钩”Resource use资源利用Human well-being人类福祉Economic activity GDP经济活动 （ 国内生产总值 ）Environmental impact环境影响Resource decoupling资源脱钩Impact decoupling影响脱钩Decoupling resources / impacts脱钩资源 /影响Industrial Ecology in Geneva日内瓦产业生态学 Industrial Ecology a relevant strategy for Geneva产业生态学日内瓦州相关战略 Highlights on implementations of Industrial Ecology in the Geneva region日内瓦地区产业生态学实施的亮点 Perspectives愿景A dense territory with constraintsSo r a lSa ti g n yCo l o g n yMe y r i nCh ê n e -Bo u g e ri e sCo l l o n g e -Be l l e ri v eDa rd a g n yVe r s o i xBe l l e v u eGr a n d -Sa c o n n e xG e n th o dVa n d o e u v r e sVe r n i e rLa n c yPr e g n y -Ch a m b é s yBe rn e xLa c on ne xOn e xCo rs i e rAi re -l a -Vi l l eTr o i n e xAv u s yC a r ti g n yPl a n -l e s -O u a te sCh a n c yThô ne xCa ro u g eRu s s i nAv u l l yPr e s i n g eJu s s yPu p l i n g eGe n è v ePe r l y -C e r to u xGyBa rd o n n e xCh ê n e -Bo u rgCh o u l e xMe i n i e rVe y r i e rCo l l e x -Bo s s yHe rm a n c eAn i è re sC o n fi g n o nLé g e n deLi m it e s c o m m u n a le sH y d r o lo g ieCa r t e de s co m m une s d u c ant on d e Ge n è veCé l i g n y02461Km45 municipalities in the Canton of Geneva Westernmost part of Switzerland, bordering France位于瑞士最西部，与法国接壤 500’000 inhabitants居民人口约 50万 Depends extensively on external resources极度依赖外部资源 Multitude of small economic players拥有大量小型经济 Essential economic role of the State在国家经济中扮演至关重要的角色45 municipalities in the Canton of Geneva日内瓦州有 45个城市有着众多制约条件的密集地区Geneva as a global hub日内瓦作为全球中心 “International Geneva” and “Capital of Peace” 30 International organizations and almost 400 NGOs“国际日内瓦 ”与 “和平之都 ”（ 拥有 30多个国际组织及约 400个非政府组织 ） Economy is mainly service oriented 主 要为服务导向型经济 36’000 enterprises, incl. ±1’600 multinationals拥 有 36000多家企业 ， 包括 1600家左右的跨国公 司 15th most competitive financial center in the world 5th in Europe全球第 15位最具竞争力的金融中心 （ 欧洲第五 ） Watchmaking and luxury industry制表业和奢侈品业发达第一产业 第二产业 第三产业Main challenges Limited space Limited resources - Energy- Building materialsMain opportunities More innovation- Collaborative economy - Cleantech- Industrial symbioses Motivated people- A supporting institutional and legalframework- FTI, OCEN, OPI, ecoParc strategy The label “Energy City”- 100 renewable energy and no C02 emission by 2050- Soft mobility pools, renewable energy in refurbishing projectsChallenges and Perspectives主要挑战 空间有限 资源有限- 能源- 建筑材料主要机会 经济更具创新力- 合作经济- 清洁技术- 产业共生 有进取心的人员- 配套的制度性及法律框架- 工业用地基金会 、 州经济委员会 、 工业与技术促进署 、 ecoParc战略 “能源城市 ”奖 - 到 2050年 100使用可再生能源 、 二氧化碳零排放- 软通行池 、 在翻新项目中使用可再生能源 面临挑战及未来愿景Overview of Geneva economic activitiesGeneral ination447’584 InhabitantsSurface 283 km295 of direct boundary with FranceEconomic activities85 trading, transport services14 industries and constructionWaste production575’476 tons22 urban6 industrial72 construction日内瓦经济活动概述基本 信息 居民人口 447584面积 283km295的州界线与法国接壤经济活动贸易、运输、服务业占 85工业、建筑业占 14垃圾产量575476吨22 城市垃圾6 工业垃圾72 建筑垃圾建筑和设施其他家具和珠宝印刷和编辑金属加工化学和医药产业钟表产业Local Agenda 21 adopted in 2001«Law on public action towards sustainable development»Article 12«The State facilitates possible synergies between economic activities in order to minimize their environmental impacts.»2012 Industrial Ecology in the new Constitution of the Canton and Republic of Genaw introducing Industrial Ecology in Geneva2001年通过地方 21世纪议程 可持续发展公共行动法 第 12条“国家促进各经济活动的协同作用，以最大程度地减少对环境的影响。”2012将产业生态学纳入日内瓦州新宪法日内瓦法律引入产业生态学