区块链奥卡姆问题.pdf

 ntn xprntt n, nutr r nnl rv t hlth r n th rt hv nt r thn 100 l hn u . h rn r nw ln r- tr, t  pplt n n rt  n- trt tht nl t n r pr ut pr n t hr trn. h t - prv rult hv n l hn u t t r n rt n, ut ut ntrr, n nl rtr  rnt n twn  pn,  r xpl n rlt n t t tnr. n n  l hn’ prv p tntl th lr nvtnt n . ntur- ptl unn  r l hn trtup rh 1 ll n n 2017. h nvt r thn 200 ll n n  l hn-p w- r t-hrn lut n  r th ntrnt  hn, n  l h rp rtly n w rn wth l hn n 2016. h - nnl nutry pn r un 1.7 ll n nnully n xprntt n. hr  lr n tht l hn  p - tntl -hnr.  wvr, thr r l rn  ut.
prtulr  nrn, vn th  unt  ny n t pnt, tht lttl  utn h n hv.  th ny u ,  lr nur r tll t th  t, whl thr r n vl p- nt ut wth n utput. h  tt ln tht pt ll n   llr  nvtnt, n nrly  ny hln, vn  r  prtl ll u  r l hn thn n th r un.  f - -“ y r n  n  th ry prptv l hn’ tuttrn vl pnt pth n t ntrly urprn. t n nnt th- n l y tht rltvly untl, xpnv, n  plx. t l unrult n l- tvly trut. l lyl th ry u- t th v lut n  ny nutry r pr ut n  v nt  ur t p nrn, r wth, turty, n ln xht 1, nxt p. t 1 whn th nutry ttn trt, r  prtulr pr ut r uht t rt. h h  pr vn n n tn  r th thn l y h n ully tt. l tn t  l w n rturn n n- vtnt ntv. t 2 whn n n t lrt, th rt xpn n th nutry r pr ut “t .”
r t ny pplt n, l hn r- uly rn tu t t 1 n th lyl wth  w xpt n. h vt “ rty  pr    npt  r n p nrn  r n w un up n ny pr “t hv l t t t r  unn r un. n r n  r th l  pr r th rn   ptn thn l . n py- nt,  r xpl, t  n tht  lckchais Occableckchais Occableckchai ver recet years has bee extled as a revluti i busiess techlgy I the ie years sice its lauch crs ad fiacial techlgists have spet cutless hurs explrig its ptetial *he resultig ivatis have started t reshape busiess prcesses particularly i accutig ad trasactis Matt iggis Marielaude adeau “ausik Rajgpalhr lr  ul rpl th urrnt hhly ntrt yt.  wvr, l hn r n t th nly  n t wn. ur u n- th r ruptn th vlu hn.  nrly 12 ll n nvt n  nth lt yr, 60 prnt w  u n pynt n lnn.  ’ l l pynt nn vt n nttv p, nwhl, rn n- tl pn p nt thr uh hhr trnt n p n nr trnprny, uln n n  ll rt n. l hn plyr n th pynt nt, uh  ppl, r nrnly prtnrn wth n nn pynt pr vr, th u- n  whh y   ttr t  r l hn thn l y. h  pn y l  wlln t v  rwr r rply wth ntrt n.n t n, th pynt nutry   l nn vt r’ l nunt unrtn tht nvtn n rupt n, n th lly rultn r n ut r xp- tt n  r tr, r n hpr rv- , y l t nnlzt n  thr wn rvnu. vn th rn  ltrntv pynt lu- t n n th nntv t nvtnt y nunt, th qut n n t whthr l hn thn l y n pr v n ltr- Octber    sy y w  pn h th pptt t l vl pnt   utlty tht w ul nt th ntr nutry. n t n, ny n hv n trt y r r  trn rt n, lvn lttl hp t hp n  l hn rv lut n. h y qut n n w whthr th   ut r tll “ut. r whthr t “ut tht pr r n vl pn l hn h n l wr thn xpt. vr rnt nth  nnl nttu- t n hv un t rlrt thr l hn trt. hy hv put  unr r ntn rutny n  pt  r trt ppr h t vl pnt unn. ny hv nrr w thr  u r tn  u  t n r tw n hv  ul  wn n vrht   vrnn n  pln, t tnr, n ntw r  pt n.    n rt hv hrun thr pr    npt r tr r tn n 2016 t “ut  hnul t y. h rn  rypt urrn, n n prtulr t n,  p tntl ntr nnl ntrunt pr pt nnl rv t v rt n l hn xpr- ntt n, pln th 18 t 24 nth h  thr nutr n th nutry l- yl. vn tht p, t n t urprn tht th rlr  nrn n nn r n w rn lwhr, wth ntl nthu n r  y  r wn n  unr- hvnt. h rlty tht rthr thn  ll wn th l upwr urv  th nutry lyl, l hn ppr t  tll n th  t- t lt-hn  rnr  th - rph.  r ny, t 2 n’t hppnn. n lt 2018, l hn’ prtl vlu nly l t n thr p r h pplt n hr r p u   r whh l hn prtulrly wll-ut. hy nlu lnt  t ntrt n  r trn t wnrhp n t ttu. xpl r  un n n- urn, upply hn, n ptl r- t, n whh trut lr n tl pn p nt nlun nny, pr  pty, n ru. rnzt n vlu l hn ppl t nutr tht r trtlly rnt t wr rnzt n. h  l hn   t l t upp rt thr - t n t puru tzt n, pr  - plt n, n  ll rt n. n prtulr, l l hppn  ntrt, tr nn, n pynt pplt n hv rv rnw ttnt n unr th l hn nnr.  wvr, n ny  l hn thn l y  ll prt  th lut n n y n t nv lv  tru tr- ut lr. n rtn ntn, rnw nry, nvtnt, n nutry  ll - rt n r lvn hlln n t  th thn l y nv lv. putt nl vlu
r wn nur   pn r purun l hn pl t  r rputt nl vlu;  ntrtn t hrh lr n  ptt r thr lty t nn vt, ut wth lttl r n ntnt n  rtn   rl-l pplt n.
ruly l hn  u n ut r l ylty,  ntw rn n v tn ll nt th t ry. n th  ntxt, l  n “l hn nl” un h ll w.f.-. f “ vn th l   nvnn t-l u  n th nutry’ nly l p t n n th nutry lyl, thr r r nl qut n t   ut Octber    sy y  pr- tulrly tr uln thrt  r  ntw r tht l t  ru rtnt. tll, ll n t l t. t’ lly tht ny  th vlt n pr t  l u t y wll  upr r rpl n th nxt tw t thr yr, n nn vt r r lry n- n lut n. rn ,  r xpl,  - ll thr-nrt n thn l y n th nutry’ rt plt r t lvr pr-r- vw pn ur  . h pr t  l n t  quntu- putn rt- nt. rvt l hn, nwhl, r n ult t v ntw r r  n- tr l vr wh n r th lr n h w n  r  nnt. n t n, thr hv n  pr - n vn n u , prtulrly wy r th nnl nutry. nt xpr- nt n upply hn, ntty n- nt, n hrn  pul r r hv n p tv.  hv n r ry t r trt ut r wth l hn-nl pr ut n rv, n hppn xu- tv lunh  nw rl-t rtry   n- tnr unrpnn y l hn.
n rn prptv tht th ppl- t n  l hn n  t vlul whn t  rtz t , nl  ll rt n, n lv p pn p nt. rtnly, t rn nt whr t ht wnrhp r  rp rt n t  n- ur, hrn “pr  ”  upply-hn pr vnn r vrtlly, n nln trnprny n ut t n. ur up- lckchais Occable  n tht t wll  th p  u , rthr thn th  n nnl rv- , tht wll vntully  ntrt th t vlu. / -“.“ -“ y “ y s hr n urnt tht ny l hn p- plt n wll   utn v t th  n t n th nutry lyl.   wll rqur  tr n rt nl, nnt ptl, n nr tnrzt n. n- th lr wll n t t  r nun vw  thr trt nutr n hr th rht tlnt.  wvr, whr thr p tn- tl t r pn p nt t l, th pp r- tunty rn n pl.  t thr w  thr y prnpl  nu  nt n  r pr r rnzt n ut trt wth  pr l. nl thr  vl pr l r pn p nt, l hn lly w n’t   prt- l lut n.
l , ’ rz r pplt ut  th plt lut n vll. r ut h ntly vlut thr r-r- wr pptt, lvl  ut n, n p - tntl n. hy h ul l  th p tntl pt  ny pr “t n up- p rtn un . hr ut   lr un  n trt  rnzt n ut nty  rt nl  r nvtnt tht rlt thr rt p t n n whh up- p rt t  r lvl n y pl y, wth ut r  nnlzt n.  p- n h ul prtlly  nr thr p wr t hp  yt, tlh tnr, n r rult ry hurl, ll  whh wll n r thr trt p- pr h. l hn’ vlu   r t ntw r t,  “ rty  t- h lr ut  ln. hr ut    vrnn rnt  vrn prtp- t n, wnrhp, ntnn,  pl- n, n t tnr. nn rrnnt ut  r n vn tht unt unn thr uh t  - rl lunh urnt.  pn ut r t  nt n  t t  pth t  pt n. n  u  lt,  pn ut  thr lty t lvr. unt  n  n thn l l upp rt ntl.  thy p th  hurl, th nxt t t lunh  n pr  n thr l- nt nlun th  r l hn plt-  r n hrwr. hy ut thn t pr rn trt trnt n v lu n vl ty. n prlll,  pn h ul put n pl th nry rnzt nl rw r, nlun w rn r up n  unt n pr t  l, tht vl- pnt,  nurt n, ntrt n, pr - ut n, n rtn t rv  pt n t l r untly upp rt. ***  nptully, l hn h th p tntl t rv lut nz un pr  n nu- tr r nn n nurn t hppn n hlthr. tll, th thn l y h n t yt n  nnt pplt n t l, n t  truturl hlln, nlun r- lvn th nn vt r’ l.   nu- tr r lry  wnrn thr xptt n vn r hv  r l t ply thr, n w xpt urthr “   rl- ”  xprntt n  ntnu.  pn t n tn l hn  rwr ut pt thr trt ply , h ntly rvw th vnt vr r  nvn- t nl lut n, n r  r hr- Octber    sy y -s