工业遗产保护合作项目介绍——昆明电缆厂工业遗产改造及周边片区城市设计.pdf

工业遗产保护合作项目介绍Industrial Heritage Protection Cooperation Project昆明电缆厂 工业遗产改造及周边片区 城市设计Kunming Cable Factory Industrial Heritage Renovation and Urban Design of the Surrounding Area汇报人王连，瑞士 LEP规划咨询公司， 2019年 5月 22日Reported by Wang Lian, LEP Consultants AG, 22nd May 2019中瑞低碳城市项目昆明会议SSLCC Conference in KunmingCatalog目录1. 前言2. 研究路径3. 项目背景 及前期研究基础4. 专家研讨会及交流活动5. 高校研究成果6. 总结与展望1. Foreword2. Approach of research3. Project background and research basis of prophase4. Expert seminars and exchange projects5. Research of university6. Summary and forwardPreface前言2016年 4月 22日世界各国在纽约签署了气候变化协定。各国领导人承诺在本世纪下半叶实现温室气体净零排放 。2016年 4月 7日至 8日瑞士联邦主席对中国进行国事访问，瑞方与中方合作城市签署了四份中瑞低碳城市谅解备忘录。2017年 2月 15日，昆明市人民政府与瑞士联邦发展合作署进行“中瑞低碳城市合作项目”（ SSLCC）谅解备忘录签字仪式。昆明成为 全国 第六个与瑞士展开低碳领域合作的城市 。2018年 4月 16日至 20日期间瑞士专家团到访昆明，与城市规划、交通规划、市政设施规划、历史 文化 及工业遗产 保护 及低碳社区建设等领域展开 交流 ， 至此 中瑞低碳城市合作在 中国 昆明 拉开 了序幕。本册 将 展示 低碳城市合作项目中关于工业遗产保护与低碳改造利用方面，双方在昆明市 电缆 厂片区低碳城市研究项目 的 部分 成果，并 记录中 瑞双方 在 合作 交流 中 的 过程。On April 22, 2016, the world signed a climate change agreement in New York. Leaders pledged to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions in the second half of this century.From April 7 to 8, 2016, the President of the Swiss Confederation paid a state visit to China. The Swiss side signed four memorandums of understanding on low-carbon cities between China and Switzerland.On February 15, 2017, the Kunming Municipal People s Government and the Swiss Federal Development Cooperation Agency held the signing ceremony of the Memorandum of Understanding for the “China-Switzerland Low Carbon City Cooperation Project“ SSLCC. Kunming has become the sixth city in China to cooperate with Switzerland in the field of low carbon.From April 16 to 20, 2018, the Swiss expert group visited Kunming and exchanged with other fields such as urban planning, transportation planning, municipal facilities planning, historical and cultural heritage protection and low-carbon community construction. Thus, the cooperation between China and Switzerland in low-carbon cities began in Kunming, China.This volume will show some achievements of the research project on industrial heritage protection and low-carbon transation and utilization in the cooperation project of low-carbon cities, and record the process of cooperation and exchange between China and Switzerland.Research path研究路径该项目研究由瑞士联邦合作发展署 、 瑞士苏黎世政府建设局 、 昆明市规划局 、瑞士 LEP公司组织 ， 联合昆明本土两所高校昆明理工大学及云南大学滇池学院进行工作的开展 。 瑞方部门主要为昆明城市规划 、 老城保护 、 基础设施和低碳社区建设等方面提供咨询工作 。 该计划将从 2017年开始 ， 分两期完成 ， 每 期 两 年 。双方协商将现阶段两国技术合作项目整合纳入到中瑞低碳城市合作当中继续深化合作 ， 瑞士专家团将 以 专业 讲座 、 项目技术指导 、 相关项目内容咨询等方式向中方提供技术支持 。 成果最终体现到昆明 2050战略规划和 2020新型城镇化规划上 。当前 ， 项目正处于第一阶段 ， 初步选定昆明市老电缆厂片区进行研究 ， 由昆明市政府以及昆明市规划局牵头西山区政府及西山区文管所负责项目研究 ， 瑞士专家方以及昆明高校方为项目编辑部提供意见和指导 ， 并总结研究成果 。 西山区政府从中提取优点和要素提供给开发商和项目最终编制方 ， 最终 引导 项目 落地实施 。This project is organized by Swiss Federal Cooperation Development Agency、 Zurich CityConstruction Bureau、 Kunming urban planning bureau、 Swiss LEP consult company,and workwith two local university,Kunming university of science and technology and Yunnan university ofDianchi colloge.The departments of Switzerland will mainly prove consultation about Kunmingurban planning、 old city protection、 infrastructure and low-carbon community buildingetc.This plan will begin at 2017,complete in two phases,every phase need two years.The two parties will integrate current projects of cooperation incorporate into SSLCC throughthe negotiation between two parties.Swiss expert group will prove technology assistance throughways of lectures、 project technical guidance、 project consultation etc.Results will reflect on theNew urbanization planning in 2020 and Kunming 2050 Strategic Planning.At present,Kunming SSLCC project on the frist phase, Initially chose Kunming cable factory andadjacent community to do research.The project is led by the Kunming Municipal Governmentand the Kunming urban planning bureau,they arranged Xishan district government and Xishanculture administration for responsible on the project research.Swiss experts and Kunming localuniversity will prove guide for the project edit ministry and summarize results.Next,Xishandistrict extract points of advantage and factories and prove to the project developer and finalcontractor.At last,carry out construction.The project on the communition and guide phase atcurrent.昆明市政府 、规划局项目编辑部瑞方专家团 地方高校昆明市社会 经济发展规划昆明市 总体规划西山区控制性详细规划西山区政府、文管所修建性详细规划牵头委托反馈反馈主持编制主持编制指导Background and Preliminary Research Foundation of Project Cable Factory项目电缆厂背景及前期研究基础本项目研究将从昆明西部电缆厂及其周边社区入手，探究城市历史文化保护、老城更新、建筑功能转换、土地权属问题、基础设施、社区环境、低碳社区等诸多方面的问题。以此作为范本，探究城市未来的发展以及更新问题。昆明电缆厂 前身是民国时期国民政府资源委员会创办的大型工厂中央电工器材厂分厂之一 。1939年在昆明建成投产后造出了中国第一根裸铜导线 。1940年和 1941年，两次遭到日军机的轰炸，该厂房屋架上还存留着日军轰炸留下的痕迹。1992年昆明电缆股份有限公司建立了昆明电缆厂史陈列室。1993年被列为云南爱国主义教育基地。2008年昆明市文化局命名为“昆明电缆厂厂史陈列室”成为云南省重要爱国主义教育基地。2009年 8月 12日，中央电工器材厂一厂旧址被昆明市西山区人民政府公布为西山区第三批区级文物保护单位。昆明电机厂Kunming Motor Factory昆明变压器厂Kunming Transer Factory中央电工器材厂一厂旧址The er site of the First Electrical Equipment Factory昆明冶炼厂Kunming Smelter昆明电缆厂Kunming Cable Factory 马街马街云南新立有色金属有限公司Yunnan Xinli Nonferrous Metal Co., Ltd.滇池（草海）春雨路This project will begin from Kunming Cable factory and Surrounding community, The project will start from theKunming Western Cable Factory and its surrounding communities to explore the historical and cultural protection ofthe city, the renewal of the old city, the transation of building functions, land ownership issues, infrastructure,community environment, low-carbon community and many other issues. Use this as a model to explore the futuredevelopment of the city and the issue of renewal.电缆厂核心区示意图Cable factory core area schematicBackground and Preliminary Research Foundation of Project Cable Factory项目电缆厂背景及前期研究基础电缆厂建设历史 1936年 原厂开始筹建 1938年 抗日战争爆发，该厂迁至昆明 1940/41年 遭到日本飞机两次轰炸，厂房 A部分被炸毁 1949/50年 陆续建造了厂房 B到 E 2000年前 将厂房 C改建成钢制屋顶 2009年 厂房 A被列为保护建筑电缆厂历史保护建筑示意图Cable factory protection buildingHistory of Kunming cable factory 1936 The original factory prepare building 1938The Anti-Japanese War broke out and the original factory moved to Kunming 1940/41 The factory was bombed twice by Japanese aircraft, and part A of the factory was destroyed. 1949/50 Plants B, C, D, E were built one after another. Before 2000 Converting the roof of plant C into a steel roof 2009The plant A be listed protection building.电缆厂现状建筑评估描述该工业遗产包括数栋工业厂房建筑，其中厂房 A跨度为 8开间，现浇钢筋混凝土房架结构以及鱼鳞式屋顶，厂房 F跨度为 4开间，屋顶为钢架结构。厂房 B, C, D, E为四栋简单的砖混结构厂房，屋顶为钢架结构。厂房 A外墙是非承重的砖墙，厂房在纵向上由一排排承重柱撑起整个框架结构，横向上由圈梁对鱼鳞式屋顶进行加固。厂房外墙的窗户是按照每两根支柱之间布置三扇木制窗户，屋顶的窗户每两个支柱之间布置一扇。原来的木制窗已经更换成金属窗。屋顶可看到破损部分经过修复，据说是遭日军的轰炸而留下的。厂房 B, D, E的屋顶是木制行架结构，厂房 C原来的木制屋顶被改建成钢架屋顶。在厂房 E的一侧后期建了一排车库。厂房 C和 D的纵向外墙与屋顶结构衔接处均有柱子连接，柱子之间平均布置了木制窗户，厂房山墙轴向对称并由非承重砖填充。厂房 F的屋顶也是木制行架结构，架在钢混结构的横梁上，横梁由砖制的柱子支撑。厂房山墙轴向对称并由非承重砖填充，山墙处有厂门，门上有雨棚和圆形天窗。其他窗户均匀的布置在屋檐侧的外墙上。Cable factory status building uation descriptionThis heritage include some factory workshops, The workshop A is width of eight rooms,The structure is reinforcedconcrete structure and The roof is a fish scale shaped roof.The workshop F is width of four rooms,the roof’s structure issteel structure.Workshop B、 C、 D、 E are simple brick structure,roof is steel structure too.The outer wall of the factory building A is a non-load-bearing brick wall. The factory is supported by a row of load-bearing columns in the longitudinal direction to support the entire frame structure, and the ring-shaped beam is used toreinforce the scale-shaped roof. The windows on the outer wall of the plant are arranged with three wooden windowsbetween each two pillars, and the windows of the roof are arranged between each two pillars. The original woodenwindow has been replaced with a metal window. The damaged part of the roof was repaired and it was said to have beenleft by the Japanese bombing.The roof of the building B, D, E is a wooden frame structure, and the original wooden roof of the factory C wasconverted into a steel frame roof. A row of garages was built on the side of the building E. The vertical outer wall of thebuilding C and D and the roof structure are connected by columns, and wooden windows are arranged on averagebetween the columns. The gables of the factory are axially symmetrical and filled by non-load-bearing bricks.The roof of the plant F is also a wooden frame structure, which is placed on a beam of steel-concrete structure, and thebeam is supported by brick columns. The gable of the factory building is axially symmetrical and filled by non-load-bearing bricks. There are factory doors at the gables, and there are canopies and round skylights on the door. The otherwindows are evenly arranged on the outer wall of the eaves side.Background and Preliminary Research Foundation of Project Cable Factory项目电缆厂背景及前期研究基础历史建筑 保护工作建议每栋建筑应该有详细的测绘图（包括平面、立面和剖面），并且对每栋建筑建立照片档案。对厂房的维修要按照原貌用原材料进行修复。Protection value location of cable factory buildingsThis heritage show the oldest factory building in Kunming,has important history value.It’s historical witness of modem industry development,at the same time,it’s the memory of the Second War.厂房 A，西面较新的建筑和 shed屋顶Workshop A， newer buildings and shed roofs in the west厂房 A， shed屋顶Workshop A， shed roof厂房 A内部构架Structure of workshop A电缆 厂厂房保护价值定位该建筑遗产展示了昆明最老的工业建筑，具有重要历史意义。它的完好保存是昆明早期近现代工业的历史见证。The architectural heritage shows the oldest industrial buildings in Kunming, which is of great historical significance. Its intact preservation is the historical witness of Kunming s early modern industry.瑞士专家在电缆厂核心区考察历史建筑 保护措施建议所有 5栋厂房建筑应以工业遗产建筑在保护区内保护起来 。 规划中的道路必须改道 ， 移到与保护界线相协调的范围 。 在厂房内部应尽可能保持厂房原貌 ， 原则上不建议建过多和过高的附属建筑 ， 不然会影响厂房的内部原貌 。Suggestion of history building protectionsEach building should have detailed mapping including planes, elevations, and sections and a photo archive of each building. The repair of the plant should be repaired with raw materials according to the original appearance.厂房 C北侧立面North façade of workshop C 厂房 C内部构架Structure of workshop C厂房 B内部构架Structure of workshop B厂房 DWorkshop D厂房 FWorkshop F厂房 B和厂房 CWorkshop B and workshop CExpert seminars and exchange projects专家研讨会及交流项目提出 了老建筑保护所需针对的目标 保留 、 突出建筑原有的特色空间 建筑 方面处理改善承重结构和立面样式 处理 好空间和视觉上的联系 解决 处理采光问题 保留 原有基础 、 特色 ， 改善空间格局 保留 、 突出 原有的材质 、 色彩 。 特别是能突显历史特色的地方 建筑 新增加的结构以及天窗不能破坏建筑原有的体量 线条 以及建议厂区周边社区同步改造规划及环境提升Proposed the goals that need to be addressed for old building protection- retain and highlight the original feature space of the building- Architectural aspects improve handling load-bearing structures and facade styles- Handling space and visual connections- Solve the problem of lighting- Retain the original foundation, characteristics, and improve the spatial pattern- Retain, highlight the original material and color. Especially where it can highlighthistorical features- The newly added structure of the building and the skylight cannot damage the originalvolume of the building.- And propose the simultaneous renovation planning and environmental improvement ofthe surrounding communitiesExpert seminars and exchange projects专家研讨会及交流项目瑞士专家组再次来到昆明进行项目交流 ， 对电缆厂片区进一步进行了考察 。 并 在昆明市 展开了 关于低碳 城市规划的专业交流。The Swiss expert group once againcame to Kunming for project exchangeand further investigated the cablefactory area. And the Swiss ExpertGroup in colleagues on a number ofexchanges on low-carbon cities.2017年 6月 瑞士历史保护 专家 安科女士 （ AnkeKöth ） 到 昆明理工大学介绍瑞士工业遗产保护的方法和措施 。Swiss history protection expert AnkeKöth went to Kunming Universityof Science and Technology tointroduce s and measures forthe protection of Swiss industrialheritage.瑞士 专家 迭戈 .萨尔梅隆先生 （ Diego Salmeron） 再次 来到昆明理工大学与校内师生进行进一步的交流 ， 期间 迭戈 先生 做了 了 低碳城市有关的讲座 。Swiss expert Diego Salmeronreturned to Kunming University ofscience and technology for furtherexchanges with faculty and students.During the period, Mr. Diego gave alecture on low-carbon cities.昆明市政府派出代表团到瑞士进行参观学习 ， 这也是2018年昆明市政府首次派专业技术人员到瑞士进行交流学习。The Kunming Municipal Governmentsent a delegation to Switzerland tostudy. This is also the first time in2018 that the Kunming governmentsent relevant personnel to Switzerlandfor communication and studies.2017年 6月 2017年 10月瑞士 专家迭戈 .萨尔梅隆 （Diego Salmeron ） 到 昆明理工大学做关于沙溪古镇复兴保护项目的专题讲座 。Swiss expert Diego Salmeron went toKunming University of Science andTechnology to give a lecture on therevitalization of Shaxi AncientTown.Introduced the planning andmanagement means of the Swiss villageplanning and management, and appliedit to the planning .2018年 4月 2018年 9月 2018年 10-11月双方专家在昆明市规划院交流Experts exchange in Kunming Planning 3. Adopt the concept of ecological community for urban design.Research of university高校研究成果选择方案 CSelection C规划小组成员陶思 涵、李嘎者（昆明理工大学 13级建筑学专业） Group member TaoSiHan,Li Gazhe, Kunming University of Science an Technology规划概述 采用以工业遗址保护为核心、低强度开发的模式。1、以工业遗产的保护和村落历史脉络的保护为规划核心。2、完善公共服务设施。3、提升社区功能性。4、完善社区景观系统。5、规划环形路网，提升通行便捷性。Planning summarization The model of low-intensity development with the protection of industrial sites as the core is adopted.1. Take the protection of industrial heritage and theprotection of historical context of villages as the core of the planning.2. Improve public service facilities.3. Improve community functionality.4. Improve the community landscape system.5. Planning ring road network to improve traffic convenience.结论 通过对比研究，方案 A更 切合中国近年来城市改造的实际情况，便于实施、效益最大化，但对片区历史面貌的改变最大，低碳效率最低； 方案 C更接近瑞士（以及国际较为流行）的低干预改造模式，对历史风貌最为尊重、更加低碳，对城市设计及历史建筑保护技术要求较高。 而方案 B应该是方案 A和 C融合 、妥协的一个折中方案，即合理发挥商业地产的优势，又充分利用工业厂房空间及文化价值，有利于片区的产业提升、社区更新、文化延续，但风险与挑战并存，需要更高效的协调管理和坚持规划贯彻执行。Summary and forward总结与展望在短短两年的项目 合作期间 ，通过中瑞两国专家互访，以工业遗产建筑保护与再利用以及旧城改造低碳化研究相关课题为核心，多次 在昆明市规划设计研究院及昆明理工大学 展开讲座交流活动。 对 昆明市低碳及可持续规划 、老城保护、基础 设施 建设 、低碳 社区建设等方面做了大量有益的工作，提出很多极具借鉴和参考价值的建议；就本项目所涉及的内容而言，我们希望能在以下几方面继续展开研究工作 工业 遗产建筑保护与改造方面法规及相关规范的 完善 建筑节能 、 低碳技术的研究及运用 低碳可持续规划理念在城市历史片区改造方面的研究与运用最后 ，祝中瑞低碳城市合作取得进一步的 成果并希望昆明的环境越来越生态， 城市 的 发展 更加低碳、宜居。谢谢 In just two years during the project cooperation, exchange of visits byexperts in China and Switzerland, in order to protect the industrial heritagebuildings and urban redevelopment and reuse low-carbon research on thesubject at the core, several times in the Planning and Design Institute,Kunming and Kunming The Polytechnic University launched a lectureexchange. A lot of useful work has been done on low carbon andsustainable planning, old city protection, infrastructure construction, and lowcarbon community construction in Kunming, and many suggestions forreference and reference value have been put forward; In other words, wehope to continue the research work in the following aspects Improvement of regulations and related regulations for the protection andrenovation of industrial heritage buildings Research and application of building energy saving and low carbontechnology Research and application of low carbon sustainable planning concept inurban historical area reconstructionFinally, I wish the Sino-Swiss low-carbon city cooperation to achieve furtherresults and hope that Kunming s environment will become more and moreecological, and urban development will be more low-carbon and livable.Thanks