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Overview Subject to final copyedit and layout 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 1 2019 REFINEMENT TO THE 2006 IPCC GUIDELINES FOR NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES OVERVIEW NOTE subject to final copy-edit and layout prior to its final publication Overview Subject to final copyedit and layout 2 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Authors Eduardo Calvo Buendia Peru, Sabin Guendehou Benin, Bundit Limmeechokchai Thailand, Riitta Pipatti Finland, Yasna Rojas Chile, Rob Sturgiss Australia, Kiyoto Tanabe Japan, Tom Wirth USA Daniela Romano Italy, Jongikhaya Witi South Africa, Amit Garg India, Melissa M. Weitz USA, Bofeng Cai China, Deborah A. Ottinger USA, Hongmin Dong China, James Douglas MacDonald Canada, Stephen Michael Ogle USA, Marcelo Theoto Rocha Brazil, Maria José Sanz Sanchez Spain, Deborah M. Bartram USA, Sirintornthep Towprayoon Thailand Review Editors Dario Gómez Argentina and William Irving USA Overview Subject to final copyedit and layout 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 3 Contents Overview 1 Introduction 4 2 Background 5 3 Key concepts unchanged from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines 6 4 Coverage of the 2019 Refinement 7 5 Relationship with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines . 9 6 Specific developments in the 2019 Refinement . 11 Tables Table 1 Types of refinement from inventory compliers’ perspective 9 Boxes Box 1 Significance and prioritization criteria . 7 Box 2 Example of mapping table to relate the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines Vol.4 10 Overview Subject to final copyedit and layout 4 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 1 INTRODUCTION The 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2006 IPCC Guidelines which were published in 2006 provide ologies for estimating national inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases. This IPCC ology Report titled the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2019 Refinement was published in 2019 to refine the 2006 IPCC Guidelines with the aim to provide an updated and sound scientific basis for supporting the preparation and continuous improvement of national greenhouse gas inventories. In order to achieve this overall aim, the 2019 Refinement Provides supplementary ologies for sources and sinks of greenhouse gases only where currently there are gaps or where new technologies and production processes have emerged requiring elaborated ologies or for sources and sinks that were not well covered by the 2006 IPCC Guidelines; Provides updated default values of emission factors and other parameters based on the latest available scientific ination only where significant differences from the default values presented in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines are identified; Provides additional or alternative up-to-date ination and guidance, where possible, as clarification or elaboration of existing guidance in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. The 2019 Refinement does not revise the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, but updates, supplements and/or elaborates the 2006 IPCC Guidelines where gaps or out-of-date science have been identified. It does not replace the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, but should be used in conjunction with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and, where indicated, with the 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Wetlands Wetlands Supplement. Overview Subject to final copyedit and layout 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 5 2 BACKGROUND The Bureau of IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories TFB, at its 26 thmeeting held in Ottawa, Canada in August 2014, concluded that The 2006 IPCC Guidelines provide a technically sound ological basis of national greenhouse gas inventories, and therefore fundamental revision was unnecessary. To maintain the scientific validity of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, certain refinements might be required, taking into account scientific and other technical advances that had matured sufficiently since 2006. Following these conclusions by the TFB and also in accordance with the approval by the IPCC at its 40 thSession held in Berlin, Germany in April 2014, the Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories TFI started a technical assessment of IPCC inventory guidelines through an on-line questionnaire survey and four expert meetings in 2015 and 2016 1,2,3,4 . The technical assessment revealed that there had been new scientific and empirical knowledge related to sources and sinks of greenhouse gases as well as inventory management published since 2006 that the IPCC should take into account, particularly with respect to data for emission factor development for some categories and gases. Consequently, the TFB recognized the necessity and usefulness of refining the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, and concluded that the refinement should be made as early as possible so as to help all the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC use good practice inventory ologies based on up- to-date scientific knowledge. The IPCC, at its 43rd Session in Nairobi, Kenya in April 2016, approved the proposal made by the Co-Chairs of TFI on “Refinement of 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, including production of a ology Reports” 5 . At the same session, the IPCC decided to consider the outline of the new ology Reports at the 44th Session of the IPCC in October 2016 and to consider the draft ology Reports at a Plenary session of the IPCC in May 2019 6 . Following this decision, a scoping meeting for a ology Reports to refine the 2006 IPCC Guidelines was held in Minsk, Belarus in August 2016. The outcome of the scoping meeting was approved by the TFB at its 28 thmeeting which was held immediately after the scoping meeting, and ted to the IPCC for consideration. Finally the IPCC, at its 44 thSession in Bangkok, Thailand in October 2016, decided to prepare the 2019 Refinement and adopted its scope and outline 7 . 1Expert Meeting for Technical Assessment of IPCC Inventory Guidelines Energy, IPPU, Waste Sectors, 29 June - 1 July 2015, Geneva, Switzerland 2Expert Meeting for Technical Assessment of IPCC Inventory Guidelines AFOLU Sector, 13-16 July 2015, São Paulo, Brazil 3Expert meeting for Technical Assessment of IPCC Inventory Guidelines follow-up on specified issues from the 2015 expert meetings, 25-26 April 2016, Wollongong, Australia 4Expert meeting for Technical Assessment of IPCC Inventory Guidelines Cross-sectoral issues, 27-29 April 2016, Wollongong, Australia 5Decision IPCC/XLIII-8 “Update of ologies on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories” 6Decision IPCC/XLIII-7 “Sixth Assessment Report AR6 Products. Strategic Planning” 7Decision IPCC/XLIV-5 “Sixth Assessment Report AR6 Products, Outline of the ology Reports to refine the 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories” Overview Subject to final copyedit and layout 6 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 3 KEY CONCEPTS UNCHANGED FROM THE 2006 IPCC GUIDELINES The following key concepts should be noted when using the 2019 Refinement. These are consistent with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. Guidance is provided for greenhouse gas inventory arrangements and management, data gathering, compilation, and reporting. Reporting refers to the presentation of emission inventory estimates in tables or other ats used to communicate inventory ination. The guidance is relevant but not prescriptive with respect to the reporting of national inventories under international agreements, and the use of reported ination under these agreements. Reporting tables are provided in Volume 1 as part of general guidance for reporting. They are not intended to prescribe specific reporting ats under the UNFCCC that should be developed and agreed by the Parties to the UNFCCC. s are provided for estimating emissions and removals as appropriate for each gas in mass units. It does not recommend any specific metrics e.g., GWP values to calculate emission estimates in CO 2 equivalent units. Some guidance e.g., key category analysis suggests calculation of emission estimates in CO 2 equivalent, for which inventory compilers may use any metrics that are designed to convert greenhouse gas emissions into CO 2 equivalent. A tier represents a level of ological complexity. Usually three tiers are provided. Tier 1 is the basic , Tier 2 intermediate and Tier 3 the most demanding in terms of complexity and data requirements. Tiers 2 and 3 are sometimes referred to as higher tier s and are generally considered to be more accurate on condition that adequate data are available to develop, uate and apply a higher tier . This guidance assists countries in compiling complete, national inventories of greenhouse gases. The guidance has been structured so that any country, regardless of experience or resources, should be able to produce reliable estimates of their emissions and removals of these gases. It uses the overarching framework and the concepts consistent with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. National greenhouse gas inventories rely on a few key concepts for which there is a common understanding see Chapter 1, Volume 1. This helps ensure that inventories are comparable between countries, do not contain double counting or omissions, and that the time series reflect actual changes in emissions. Some technical material is presented in appendices, where emissions or removals are poorly understood and where there is insufficient ination available to develop reliable, globally applicable, default s for a particular source or sink. Countries may use appendices as a basis for further ological development, but a national inventory can be considered complete without the inclusion of estimates for these sources. Overview Subject to final copyedit and layout 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 7 4 COVERAGE OF THE 2019 REFINEMENT The 2019 Refinement covers all IPCC inventory sectors but refinements are included for only those categories where the science was considered to have sufficiently advanced since 2006 or where new or additional guidance was required. The specific categories that have been refined through this process were selected through a technical assessment carried out in 2015 and 2016 and a subsequent scoping meeting held in August 2016 using the significance and prioritization criteria shown in Box 1 8 . BOX 1 SIGNIFICANCE AND PRIORITIZATION CRITERIA Significance of the source/sink and the gas within the sector on a global scale. Sources significant only for a limited number of particular countries, currently or in the foreseeable future, may not meet this criterion. The adequacy of the existing guidance for a particular category should be considered, as should the likelihood that new ination would lead to a definite improvement in the IPCC Guidelines. Availability of relevant new scientific results. Sufficient data availability and maturity of scientific advances since 2006 to provide a basis for ological development or refinement, including 1 ability to develop new or updated default emission/removal factors; and 2 feasibility of obtaining the necessary data to implement the s. Emergence of new sources or gases meeting these criteria. The outline of the 2019 Refinement adopted by the IPCC was developed on the basis of the categories selected through the process mentioned above. However, the IPCC also agreed on the following principles when the outline was adopted. Authors should develop modifications even for those chapters/sections/subsections where “No refinement” is indicated in the approved table of contents, if deemed necessary to ensure consistency with the refinements made in the other chapters/sections/subsections. Authors may conclude no refinement should be made even for the chapters/sections/subsections where refinement is expected in this approved table of contents, after comprehensive review of available literature. In addition to the greenhouse gases included in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, the 2019 Refinement includes gases for which global warming potential GWP values are given in one of the subsequent IPCC Assessment Reports, unless the gases are covered by Anns A through E of the Montreal Protocol. Annex F of the Montreal Protocol lists hydrofluorocarbons, which are included in the 2019 Refinement. The 2019 Refinement also provides estimation s for halogenated greenhouse gases for which GWP values were not available from IPCC Assessment Reports at the time the 2019 Refinement was developed. See Volume 1, Chapter 8 and Volume 3, Chapters 6, 7, and 8 for examples of both sets of gases. The 2006 IPCC Guidelines contain links to ination on s used under other agreements and conventions, for the estimation of emissions of tropospheric precursors which may be used to supplement the reporting of emissions and removals of greenhouse gases. The 2019 Refinement follows this approach, and does not provide s for the estimation of emissions of tropospheric precursors see Chapter 7, Volume 1. The structure of the 2019 Refinement is the same as that of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines so as to make it easier for inventory compilers to use the 2019 Refinement with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. It comprises an Overview Chapter this chapter and the following five volumes. Volume 1 General Guidance and Reporting Volume 2 Energy 8There are potential issues for future revision or refinement that are not addressed in the 2019 Refinement, including those identified during the Technical Assessment in 2015-2016 but considered too early to work on, as well as those identified after the approval of table of contents of the 2019 Refinement by the IPCC at its 44 thSession in Bangkok, Thailand in October 2016. Overview Subject to final copyedit and layout 8 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Volume 3 Industrial Processes and Product Use IPPU Volume 4 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use AFOLU Volume 5 Waste Across all the volumes, some additional sections have been included. The guidance focuses on inventory ologies rather than on scientific discussions of the background material, for which references are provided. Overview Subject to final copyedit and layout 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 9 5 RELATIONSHIP WITH THE 2006 IPCC GUIDELIN
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