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Global Solid State Lighting Outlook 1Global Solid State Lighting Outlook 1 International SSL Alliance ISAAcknowledgements Chief writers, contributors, organizer, sponsor, and other experts Chapter IGovernmental policies and development plans Chief Writer Ming Li Contributor Chunpeng Hsu Chapter II Strategic Research Agenda Chief WriterCheng Guo Chapter IIISSL industry development ContributorsJunxi Wang, Maosheng Hao, Guowei Xiao, Chunpeng Hsu, Jerry Zheng Chapter IVMarket acceptance and forecast Chief WriterJed Dorsheimer ContributorYuan Fu Chapter V Overview of Solid State Lighting Standards Chief Writer Peng Jin Chapter VI SSL application in new areas Contributors Xiongbin Chen, Qichang Yang ,Zhigang Xu ,Wenke Liu, Jinming Pan ,Hong Zhou, Xuke Li, Zhiguo Fang, Hong Zhou , Xuedong Pan, Guangzhou Lu Chapter VIISSL products full life-cycle green manufacturing and recycling Chief WriterSanders Gielen Coordinator Olivier de Saint Leger Translators Hua Yang, Ming Li Proof reading Olivier de Saint Leger, Ming Li, Ning Peng Consultation support Guoqi Zhang Yi-Jen Chan Alex Bakker Organizers Ling Wu, Ruisheng Yue Yuan Fu, Ming Li, Faming Sun Sponsor The Energy FoundationPreface Solid State Lighting SSL is a recent technology with more than promising characteristics, in terms of energy saving, design creativity and usability of new lighting systems. While technical perance energy efficiency, colorimetry, electronic control are steadily improving, industrial and volume applications like street lighting are now taking off. Meanwhile the overall market is still in infancy prices are far from being stabilized; new lighting standards are needed to enable researchers, manufacturers and end customers to agree on specifications, to cleverly design, effi ciently produce, safely acquire and operate SSL systems. New technology, new applications, new markets . It means many new investments, uneasy to correctly seize and anticipate without a minimum knowledge on the ins and outs. This is why the document you have in hands, our Global SSL Outlook 1 GSO1, aims at providing you with a panoramic overview on the various technical and economical aspects of SSL strategic research developments, industry trends and status, market potential and forecast, applications hotspots and perspectives as well as leading countries policies and strategies toward SSL developments in the world. Should you be knowing just a little, or only certain aspects of the global SSL industry and policy development, should you be in urgent need of a comprehensive understanding of the overall picture either for investment-driven or policy-making oriented endeavors, then I do hope that this GSO will satisfy part or all of your needs. Many market and technological reports on SSL markets and related topics are available, but the most panoramic, objective, authoritative and reliable analysis of the current status and future trends for global SSL developments remains yet to be established, which is the rationale our GSO is based upon. I must add that there exist many authoritative and reliable marketing analysts, and ISA has absolutely no pretention to become another one ; GSO may only cite some conclusions from existing reports. I believe the GSO is a long-term effort, with accumulative joint collaboration from multi-stakeholders of various countries and regions, contributions from diversified communities from policy-makers, NGOs, industry leaders, researchers, fi nancial and market analysts and general public to eventually become the ultimate reference on global SSL developments. I welcome you re hopefully numerous future voluntary contributions for the next editions of this document Wu ling President of ISAContents Global Solid State Lighting Outlook 1 Acknowledgements Preface Contents Chapter I Governmental policies and development plans 1.1 Overview of governmental policies and development plans on SSL 1.2 Comparative analysis of SSL policies Chapter II Strategic Research Agenda 2.1 Packaging and Compact Integration 2.2 Driver 2.3 Complex System 2.4 Reliability and Thermal Management 2.5 Testing 2.6 Green Sustainability and Recycling 2.7 Human Interactions with LED Lighting 2.8 SSL applications in protected horticulture 2.9 LED for poultry Chapter III SSL industry development 3.1 SSL Materials and Equipment 3.2 Epitaxial growth of LEDs wafer 3.3 The development of LED module and Chip 3.4 Global LED Package Manufacture Business Strategy 3.5 Global SSL Outlook on LED Driver Chapter IV Market acceptance and forecast 4.1 Lighting 4.2 Backlighting 4.3 Total LED demand 4.4 MOCVD 4.5 Sapphire Chapter V Overview of Solid State Lighting Standards 5.1 The standard making organizations and hierarchy 5.2 List of major standards related with SSL 5.3 Product standardization 5.4 Global SSL related testing standards and entry requirements 5.5 The perspectives Chapter VI SSL application in new areas 6.1Report on development of VLC Visible Light Communication 6.2 Application of LED in protected horticulture 6.3 Prospects of the LED Light Source Application in Poultry Farming 6.4 The Application Principle and Technology Research of LED in Microalgae Cells Culture Process 6.5 Current Situation and Prospect of LED Medical Lighting Chapter VII SSL products full life-cycle green manufacturing and recycling 7.1 Life cycle analysis with recycling 7.2 Materials in SSL 7.3 Eco-design ologies 7.4 Manufacturing 7.5 Business models for maintenance and upgrade 7.6 Energy use in lighting 7.7 Business models for disposal 7.8 Disposal 7.9 Legislation and Regional Effects 7.10 Recycling 7.11 Strategic outlook References 001 001 024 028 029 032 034 036 038 039 040 042 043 046 046 049 052 057 059 064 065 066 067 068 070 073 073 076 079 080 080 081 081 089 095 099 105 112 113 114 118 118 119 120 121 121 122 123 124 126001 Global Solid State Lighting Outlook 1 International SSL Alliance ISA Chapter I Governmental policies and development plans Chapter Contributor Ming Li Other contributor Chunpeng Hsu section 1.1.10 Consultation support Alex Bakker section1.1.2 1.1 Overview of governmental policies and development plans on SSL SSL policy plays a key role in supporting the development of SSL industry as well as R 2. Continue to increase the support of SSL technologies innovation; 3. Steadily improve the development level of SSL industry development; 4. Actively promote the SSL standard development, products testing and energy conservation certifi cation; 5. Actively implement the incentive policies for SSL industry development; 6. Broadly conduct SSL energy conservation introduction, education and training; 7. Enhance regional and international communication and cooperation. The latest comprehensive policy on SSL is the “Specifi c Plan of 12 thFYP for SSL Science and Technology Development” issued by China’s Ministry of Science and Technology MOST. This Plan identifi es the current situation and needs of SSL industry, summarizes guidelines and principals of development, proposes development targets, points out key tasks and specifi es safeguarding measures. This plans sets many binding targets, such as the white LED luminous industrial effi ciency reach 150-200 lm/W, the domestic production rate of LED chip reach 80, the domestic industry reach the scale of 500 billion yuan in the year 2015, and establish 20 national level industrial bases and 50 pilot cities. This plan identifi es key tasks including Basic research on Ultra-high-effi ciency nitride LED chip; New micro-and nano-structure SSL; Basic research on short-distance optical communication with the lighting combined with the new LED devices; Basic research on ultra-effi cient OLED white light devices; Research on substrate preparation technology for SSL; Key technologies research for Epitaxial silicon chip industrialization; Research on Packaging and system integration technology; Key technologies research on lighting systems; Key technologies research on OLED SSL; Research on oriented class white SSL exploration; High effi ciency, low costs LED driver technology development; LED outdoor lighting sources, luminaries and systems integration technology research; LED indoor lighting sources, luminaries and systems integration technology research; OLED indoor lighting luminaries and systems integration technology research; Intelligent, networking LED lighting system development; LED innovation application technology research; SSL testing technology development. Also NDRC is going to issue a specifi c and comprehensive 12 thFYP for SSL industry, which means the attention on this industry has been great enough compared with other relatively mature industries which can be qualified to be granted a specific and comprehensive industry 12 thFYP. This SSL 12 thFYP is expected to be released on late October or early November of 2012. Incentive measures In 2007 NDRC issued “Policies on software industry and IC industry development promotion” featuring tax reductions for SSL industry with ministries including Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Commerce and so on. In 2008, the Ministry of Finance and NDRC jointly issued” Interim Management Measures for High Effi ciency Lighting Products Promotion Financial Subsidies”, targeting at promoting 150 million high effi ciency lighting products, which can save 29 billion Kwh of electricity and reduce 29 million tons of CO 2emission. In 2010, NDRC, MOF, The People’s Bank of China and State Administration of Taxation jointly issued the Advice on accelerate the implementation of Energy Management ContractEMC and promotion the development of energy conservation industry, featured fi nancial support and tax deductions for EMC companies. 003 Global Solid State Lighting Outlook 1 International SSL Alliance ISASteps Implementation period Target Products Rated Power Scale and Measures Notes 1 October 1st ,2011 to September 30th, 2012 Transition period one year Issue notices and roadmap 2 Start from October 1 st,2012 ordinary illumination incandescent lights ≥100 W Ban import and domestic sale --- 3 Start from October 1 st,2014 ordinary illumination incandescent lights ≥60 W Ban import and domestic sale Issue Tungsten halogen lamps energy effi ciency standards, ban production, import and sales of those who do not meet the standards. 4 October 1 st,2015 to September 30 th , 2016 Conduct Mid-term assessment, adjust subsequent policy 5 Start from October 1 st,2016ordinary illumination incandescent lights ≥15 W Ban import and domestic sale The fi nal time and products of banning, and whether to ban production will depend on the mid-term assessment of 2015. Governmental procurement In 2007, the Office of State Council issued “Notice on establishing the compulsory governmental procurement mechanisms for energy conservation products”, required that the energy conservation products should be a priority in consideration of government procurement, and for those whose energy conservation effects and quality meets requirements should be compulsory procurement. In 2008, China launched the “Energy Conservation Regulations for Public Agencies”, which requires all level of government agencies should include the energy conservation products and equipments into the government procurement list. Meantime the “Civil Construction Energy Conservation Regulation” was also released, which requires construction companies Table 1.1 Five steps to phase out incandescent lights On the cutive meeting of the State Council on May 16th, 2012, the policy measures for promoting energy conservation home appliances consumption was discussed, and it was decided to allocate 2.2 billion yuan to support the promotion of CFLs and LEDs. MOF, NDRC and MOST launched the 2012/2013 SSL products Financial Subsidy Promotion Program, the program covered indoor lighting products - LED Downlight, reflective self- ballasted LED lamps, outdoor lighting products-LED street lights, LED tunnel lights. The results were released in August. Roadmap In 2007 the Ministry of Construction issued the “11 thFYP of Urban Green Lighting Project Planning Framework”, took the year 2005 as baseline, set the annual urban lighting electricity consumption reduction at 5 and the application rate of high effi ciency energy saving luminaries reach 85 in urban lighting by 2010. In 2009, NDRC, UNDP and GEF launched the China gradually phasing out incandescent light; accelerate the promotion of energy-saving lamps program, subcontracted various institutions and organizations on the subjects including China gradually phasing out incandescent lights roadmap, China gradually phasing out incandescent light, accelerate the promotion of energy-saving lamps macro economy impacts and solutions research and so on. China gradually phasing out incandescent lights roadmap was released in 2011, fi ve steps were proposed to gradually phase out incandescent lights004 Global Solid State Lighting Outlook 1 International SSL Alliance ISA to choose suitable renewable energy for heating, cooling, lighting and hot water. These two regulations provided legal sources for local government to include LED products into the procurement list. Major SSL showcases 1.“10k Lamps ,10 Cities” In early 2009, China’s MOST launched the “10k lamps, 10 cities” SSL application pilot city plans, the plan covered 21 developed Chinese cities like Tianjin, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Chengdu etc. in phase one, and will add another 50 cities in phase two. The plan is about to be carried out in three phases Phase one pilot phase by 2009, install 1 million LED municipal lighting luminaries in 21 pilot cities, the domestic production rate of LED parts reach 60, estimated annual electricity saved 2200 million Kwh. The support focuses on the demonstration and application of road lighting, tunnel lighting, subway coach and plat, underground parking lot and gas station lighting, indoor lighting. Phase two demonstration phase by 2010, complete the 50 SSL application pilot city nationwide, install 2 million LED municipal lighting luminaries, the domestic production rate of LED parts reach 70, add to the “Green Lighting Project” of Ministry of Finance, estimated annual electricity saved 1 billion Kwh. Phase threePromotion phase by 2015, SSL take up 30 of universal lighting market, estimated annual electricity saved 140 billion Kwh, SSL industry scale reach 500 billion yuan, export reach 30 billion US Dollars, create 1 million jobs, and become one of the three strongest of the world SSL industry. 2. The Great Hall of the People and the surrounding rooms LED lighting retrofi t project The Great Hall of the People was built in 1959. As one of ten big structures in Beijing in 1950s it is where National People’s Congress Standing Committee is located also is the place where Chinese state leaders and citizens hold political, diplomatic, cultural activities. The retrofi t project is
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