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Simulation Study on the Impacts of Traffic Congestion Charging Policy in Nanjing 2014 10 “ G-1310-19223 11/01/2013-10/31/2014 . 1 1. 2 1.1 2 1.1.1 . 2 1.1.2 . 3 1.1.3 . 4 1.2 . 7 1.3 8 1.3.1 . 8 1.3.2 . 9 2. 11 2.1 . 11 2.1.1 . 11 2.1.2 . 12 2.1.3 12 2.1.4 13 2.1.5 14 2.1.6 . 16 2.2 16 2.2.1 . 16 2.2.2 17 2.2.3 . 17 2.2.4 . 19 2.3 19 3. 21 3.1 21 3.2 22 3.3 23 3.4 26 4. 27 4.1 . 27 4.1.1 . 27 4.1.2 . 29 4.2 . 30 4.2.1 . 30 4.2.2 . 31 4.3 . 32 4.3.1 . 32 4.3.2 . 34 4.3.2 . 37 4.4 41 5. 42 5.1 42 5.1.1 . 42 5.1.2 . 43 5.1.3 . 44 5.1.4 49 5.2 53 5.2.1 54 5.2.2 . 54 5.2.3 . 57 5.2.4 . 58 5.3 . 60 5.3.1 Paramics 60 5.3.2 . 61 5.4 63 6. 64 6.1 . 64 6.2 66 6.2.1 . 66 6.2.2 . 69 6.2.3 . 71 6.3 71 6.3.1 . 71 6.3.2 . 74 6.3.3 . 76 6.4 . 77 6.5 . 78 6.6 78 7. 80 8. 82 . 82 . 83 1 83 2 . 87 3 89 4 4 . 90 5 4 . 95 6 99 7 . 102 8 Paramics . 105 9 116 “ 10 1. “ 1.1.1 [1] 1 2 3 60 4 80 70dB A 5 6 1.1.2 1960 2012 [2] 1.1 2000 12 2000 17 1.2 [2] 2010 58 / 797 / 605 / 549 / [3] 1.1 1960-2012 1.2 19602010 2013 2012 22382.8 10837.8 1145.0 10400.0 1.3 1.3 2012 1.1.3 2014 2001 1.4 1.5 ’ 1.4 1.5 2001 2013 117.7 83.8 21.3 22.10 1.6 1.6 GB3095-2012 2014 2013 33377 202 1.1 1.1 API/AQI API 2008 49 273 43 1 322 88.0 18 414 2009 58 257 49 1 315 86.3 15 319 2010 41 261 60 3 302 82.7 14 500 2011 62 255 46 2 317 86.8 15 307 2012 42 275 49 0 317 86.6 25 165 2013 12 190 98 65 202 55.3 33-377 2008 2012 API 2013 AQI 2013 PM2.5 PM10 1.2 2013 1.3 1.2 2013 / SO2 0.037 ↑ 12.1 0 0.0 NO2 0.055 ↑ 7.8 52 14.2 PM10 0.137 ↑ 6.2 116 31.8 PM2.5 0.077 ↑ 14.9 144 39.5 CO 1.04 ↑ 14.3 0 0.0 O3 0.049 ↓ 7.5 17 4.7 SO2 0.031 ↑ 3.3 0 0.0 NO2 0.04 ↑ 25.0 6 1.6 PM10 0.094 ↑ 6.8 50 13.7 1.3 2013 CO HC NOX PM 128305.8 83.1 15677.4 83.1 35990.3 98.9 2511.3 99.7 39.5 0 118.4 0.6 124.9 0.3 7.6 0.3 26171.5 16.9 3069 16.3 271.5 0.8 ▬ ▬ 154516.8 100 18864.8 100 36386.7 100 2518.9 100 “ , * 1 2 3 “ 1.3.1 1 2 3 4 5 OD Genetic Algorithm OD 6 Paramics API Visual C 6.0 DLL 7 1.3.2 1.4 “, 1.4 ““ 2.
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