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WMO statement on the status of the global climate in 2010WMO-No. 1074WMO in collaboration with Members issues since 1993 annual statements on the status of the global climate. This nullublication was issuenullin collaboration with the nullanulllenullnullentre of the nullnullMeteorological Ofnullcenull nullnitenull nullingnullm of nullreat nullritain annull Northern nullrelannullnull the nulllimatic nullesearch nullnit nullnullnullnullnullnull nullninullersitnullof nullast nullnglianull nitenull ingnullomnullthe nulllimate nullrenulliction nullenter nullnullnullnullnullnullthe National nulllimatic nullta nullenter nullNnullnullnullnullnull the National nullnnullironmental nullatellitenull nullatanull annull nullnation nullernullice nullNnullnullnullnullnullnullnull the National nullurricane nullenter nullNnullnullnull annull the National Weather nullernullice nullNWnullnull of the National Oceanic annull nulltmosnullheric nullnullministration nullNOnullnullnullnull nullnitenull nulltates of nullmericanull the nullonullnullarnull nullnstitute for nullnullace nulltunullies nullnullnullnullnullnullonulleratenull bnull the National nulleronautics annull nullnullace nullnullministration nullNnullnullnullnullnull nullnitenull nulltatesnull the National nullnow annull nullce nullata nullenter nullNnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnitenull nulltatesnull the nulluronullean nullentre for Menullium-nullange Weather nullorecasts nullnullnullMWnullnullnull nullnitenull nullingnullomnull the nulllobal nullrecinullitation nulllimatolognull nullentre nullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullermannullnullannullthe nullrtmouth nullloonull Obsernullatornullnull nullnitenull nulltates . Other contributors are the National Meteorological annull nullnullnullrological nullernullices or enulluinullalent climate institutions of nulllgerianull nullrgentinanull nullustralianull nullustrianullnullelarusnull nullelgiumnull nulleninnull nullranullilnull nullananullanull nullhinanull nullolombianull nullroatianull nullnmarnullnull nullinullinull nullinlannullnull nullrancenull nullermannullnullnullungarnullnullnullcelannullnullnullnnullianullnullnnullonesianullnullrelannullnullnullsraelnullnullanullannullnullennullanullnullatnullianullnullithuanianullMolnullonullanullMorocconullNetherlannullsnull New nullealannullnull Norwanullnull nullanullistannull nullortugalnull nullussian nullenullerationnull nullerbianull nullnullainnull nullwenullennullnullwitnullerlannullnull Tunisianull Turnullenullnull nullnitenull nullingnullomnull nullnitenull nulltatesnull annull nullenenulluela nullnullolinullarian nullenullublic ofnull. The WMO nullegional nullssociation nullnull nulluronullenull egional nulllimate nullentre on nulllimate Monitoringnullthe nullfrican nullentre of Meteorological nullnullnulllications for nullenullelonullment nullnullnullMnullnullnullNiamenullnullnullthe nullnternational nullesearch nullentre on nulll Ninullo nullnullnullnullnullnullNnull uanullanulluilnullnullcuanullornullnullthe nullntergonullernmental nulluthoritnullon nullenullelonullment nullnullnullnullnullnullnulllimate nullrenulliction annull nullnulllications nullentre nullnullnullnullnullnullnullNairobinullnullthe nulllobal nulltmosnullhere Watch nullnullnullWnullannullthe Worlnullnulllimate nullesearch nullrogramme nullWnullnullnullnullalso contributenull.WMO-No. 1074© World Meteorological Organization, 2011The right of nullublication in nullrintnull electronic annull annull other annull in annull language is resernullenull bnull WMO. nullhort enulltracts from WMO nullublications manull be renullronullucenull without authorinullationnull nullronullinullenull that the comnulllete source is clearlnull innullicatenull. nullnullitorial corresnullonnullence annull renulluests to nullublishnull renullronulluce or translate this nullublication in nullart or in whole shoulnull be anullnullressenull tonullnullhairnullnullublications nulloarnullWorlnullMeteorological Organinullation nullWMOnull7 bisnullanullenue nulle la nullainull Tel.nullnull41 null0null22 730 null4 03null.O. nullonull2300 nullanullnullnull41 null0null22 730 null0 40nullnull-1211 nullenenulla 2nullnullwitnullerlannull null-mailnullnullublicationsnullwmo.intnullnullnullN 97null-92-null3-11074-9NOTnullThe nullesignations emnulllonullenull in WMO nullublications annull the nullresentation of material in this nullublication nullo not imnulllnull the enullnullression of annullonullinion whatsoenuller on the nullart of the nullecretariat of WMO concerning the legal status of annull countrnullnull territornullnull citnull or areanull or of its authoritiesnull or concerning the nullelimitation of its frontiers or bounnullries.Onullinions enullnullressenull in WMO nullublications are those of the authors annull nullo not necessarilnull renullect those of WMO. The mention of snullecinullc comnullanies or nullronullucts nulloes not imnulllnull that thenull are ennullorsenull or recommennullenull bnull WMO in nullreference to others of a similar nature which are not mentionenull or anullnullertisenull.nullonullernullnullutumn winnull. nullllustration bnullnulloisin Manningnull10 nullears olnullnullnullnitenullnullingnullom 1ForewordIn 1993 the World Meteorological Organization WMO launched its annual “WMO Statement on the Status of the Global Climatenull seriesnull in the nullanulle of climate anullareness generated bnullthe Second World Climate Conferencenull nullhich WMO organized nullith its scientinullc nullartners in 199nullnull he renullort has continued to gain in nullonullularitnulland is todanulla recognized authori nulltatinulle source of ination for the scientinullc communitnullnull the media and the nullublic at largenullnullhe nullresent WMO Statement on the Status of the Global Climate in 2010 is the latest member of this successful senulluencenullnullhe nullear nullnull1null as esnulleciallnullnotable in that global surface temnulleratures reached record nullalues at the same lenullel as in 199nulland nullnullnullnullnullconsistent nullith the acceleration of the nullarmnulling enullnullerienced onuller the last nullnullnullearsnullnullhe nullear also signalled the closure of the nullarmest decade on recordnullOnuller this decadenullnullarm nulling nullas marnulledlnullmore nullronounced in some regionsnull notablnull so in nullorth nullfrica and the nullrabian nulleninsulanull South nullsia and the nullrcticnullMoreonullernull large and enulltended climate enulltremes nullere recorded in senulleral nullarts of the nullorldnull causing signinullant socionulleconomic imnullactsnull In nullarticularnull the nullooding in nullanullistan and nullustralia as nullell as the summer heatnullanulle in the nullussian nullederation nullere among the most remarnullable climate enulltremes of the nullearnullnullurthermorenull nullnull1null nullas also snullecial as the nullear in nullhich a nullighnulllenullel nullasnullforce denullelonulled recommendations for the structurenull nullriorities and gonullernance of a Global nullramenullornull for Climate Sernullicesnull in resnullonse to the unanimous decision of the World Climate Conferencenull3nullnullhich WMO connullened in nullnullnull9 in nullartnershinullnullith the nullnited nullations snullstemnull nullhrough the denullelonullment of the nullramenullornullnull WMO is comnullmitted to further imnullronulle its climate nullroductsnullination and sernullice delinullernullto sernulle all climatenullsensitinulle socioeconomic sectorsnullnullhe nullear nullnull1null as WMOnulls nulliamond nullubileenullsince on null3 March 19nullnull the nenull Organization toonull onuller the global resnullonsibilities of the International Meteorological Organizationnullestablished in 1nullnull3 as an outcome of the nullirst International Meteorological Congress held in nulliennanullI nullish to enullnullress the anullnullreciation of WMO to all the Centres and the nullational Meteorological and nullnulldrological Sernullices of its 1null9 Members that collaborated nullith WMO and contributed to this nullenull ublicationnull s nullith the nullrenullious editionsnull I nullould linulle to underscore the imnullornulltance of nullour feedbacnullnullWMO loonulls fornullard to nullour comments on the WMO Statement on the Status of the Global Climate in 2010 and to nullour nullelcome suggestions for its further imnullronullementnull Mnullnullarraud SecretarnullnullGeneral2Global temperatures in 2010nullnullerage global temnulleratures nullere estimated to be nullnullnull3nullC null nullnullnull9nullC abonulle the 19null1null199nullannual anullerage of 1nullnullCnull nullhis manulles nullnull1nulltied for nullarmest nullear on record in records dating bacnullto 1nullnullnullnull he nullnull1nullnominal nullalue of nullnullnullnull3nullC rannulls nullust ahead of those of nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullC and 199null nullnullnullnull1nullCnull although the differences betnulleen the three nullears are not statisticallnullsigninullcantnulldue to uncertainties mainlnullassociated nullith samnullling the nullarthnulls land and sea surface temnulleratures using onlnull a finite number of obsernullation sitesnulland the nullanull estimates are internullonulllated betnulleen those sitesnullnullata from the nullCMWnullInterim nulleanalnullsis nullnullnull indicate that nullnull1nullrannulls as the nullorldnulls second nullarmest nullearnull ith the differ nullence betnulleen it and nullnullnullnull nullithin the margin of uncertaintnullnullnullhe decade nullnullnull1nullnullnull1null nullas also the nullarmest on recordnull nullemnulleratures onuller the decade anulleraged nullnullnullnullnullC abonulle the 19null1null199nullmeannullnullnullnull1nullC nullarmer than the nullrenullious record decade 1991nullnullnullnullnullnullIn turnnull 1991nullnullnullnullnull nullas nullarmer than nullrenullious decadesnull consistent nullith a longnullterm nullarming trendnullNotenullThe analnullsis is basenullon three innullenullennullent nullatasetsnullmaintainenullbnullthe nullanulllenullnullentre of the Meteorological Ofnullcenull nullnullannullthe nulllimatic nullesearch nullnit of the nullninullersitnull of nullast nullnglia nullnullanullnullnullnullnull in the nullnitenullnullingnullomnullthe National nulllimatic nullata nullenter of the National Oceanic annullnulltmosnullheric nullnullministration nullNnullnullnullnullNOnullnullnull in the nullnitenull nulltatesnull annullthe nullonullnullarnull nstitute for nullnullace nulltunullies nullnullnullnullnullnullonulleratenullbnullthe National nulleronautics annullnullnullace nullnullministration nullNnullnullnullnullin the nullnitenullnulltates.Major large-scale influences on the global climate in 2010nullhe nullar nullnull1null began nullith an nulll nullinullo enullent nullell established in the nullacinullc Oceannull nullhis nulligure 1. nulllobal rannullenullsurface temnulleratures for the warmest null0 nullears. nullnset shows global rannullenullsurface temnulleratures from 1nullnull0. The sinulle of the bars innullicates the 9nullnuller cent connullnullence limits associatenullwith each nullear. nulllues are simnullle area-weightenullanullerages for the whole nullear. Source Met Office Hadley Centre, UK, and Climatic Research Unit, University of East Annulllia, United Kinnulldomnull1850 1900 1950 2000Year– 0.8– 0.6– 0.4– 0.200.20.40.6Anomaly°Crelativeto1961–1990Met Office Hadley Centre and Climatic Research UnitNOAA National Climatic Data CenterNASA Goddard Institute for Space Studiesnulligure 2. nullnnual global anullerage temnullerature anomalies nullrelatinulle to 19null1null1990null from 1nullnull0 to 2010 from the nullanulllenullnullentrenullnullnullnull nullnullanullnullnullnullT3nullnullblacnull line annull grenull areanullrenullresenting mean annull9null nuller cent uncertaintnullrangenullnull the NOnullnullNational nulllimatic nullata nullenter nullrenullnullnull annull the Nnullnullnull nullonullnullrnull nullnstitute for nullnullace nulltunullies nullbluenullSource Met Office Hadley Centre, UK, and Climatic Research Unit, University of East Annulllia, United Kinnulldomnull10 20 30 40 50–0.20.00.20.40.6Temperature difference °Cfrom 1961–1990 average2010 200519982003 200220092006 20072004200120081997199519991990 2000199119881987 1983 199619941981198919441980 19931992197319411977 1986197919531943194019381984 1982 1969 1963 195819451962 1961194219391937198519572000–200920101990–19991970–19891950–19691930–19491910–19291850–19090 20 40 60 80 100 120Rank–0.6–0.4–0.20.00.20.40.6Rank of hottest years to coldest3bronulle donulln nulluicnulllnull in the earlnull months of the nullearnull null ranullid transition toonull nulllace and nulla nullinulla conditions nullere in nulllace bnull nullugustnullnullnullsome measures the nulla nullinulla enullent in nullogress at the end of nullnull1nullis the strongest since at least the midnull19nullnullsnulland among the nullnulle strongest of the last centurnullnullnullhe atmosnullheric resnullonse has been esnulleciallnull strongnull nullith the Southern Oscillation Indenull reaching its highest monthlnullnullalues since 19null3 in Senulltember and nullecembernulland its highest sinullnullmonth mean since 191nullnullnullhe nulll nullinullonulltonullnulla nullinulla transition is similar to that nullhich occurred in 199nullnullanother nullernullnullarm nullearnullalthough in nullnull1nullthe nulll null o nullas nulleanullernulland the nulla null a strongernullthan nullas the case in 199nullnullnullhe eastern tronullical Indian Ocean nullas also signinullcantlnull nullarmer than anullerage during the second half of nullnull1nullnegatinulle Indian Ocean nullinullolenull in contrast nullith the nullrenullious nulla nullinulla enullent in nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullhen it nullas generallnullcooler than anulleragenull nullhe nullrctic Oscillation nullO and nullorth nulltlantic Oscillation nullnullO nullere in a negatinulle nullhase for most of the nullearnull enullcenulltionnullallnull so in the nullnullnull9nullnullnull1null northern hemisnullhere nullinternull nullhich on most indicators had the most stronglnull negatinulle seasonal nullOnullnullnullO on recordnullnullhenullreturned to a stronglnullnegatinulle nullhase in late nullnull1null ith nullecember nullnull1null alues onlnullslightlnull less enulltreme than those recorded the nullrenullious nullinternull nullhe nullntarctic Oscillationnull also nullnonulln as the Southern nullnnular Modenull nullas in nullositinulle mode for most of the nullearnullreaching its highest monthlnull alues since 19null9 in nullulnulland nullugustnullnullegional temperaturesnullor both the northern hemisnullhere and nullfricanullnullnull1null as the nullarmest nullear on recordnullIt nullas also the nullarmest nullear on record for sinullsub nullregionsnull West nullfricanull the Saharannullnullrabian regionnull the Mediterraneann
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