资源描述：
1 Regional Power Market Study for East China Grid cutive Summary State Power Economic Research Center State Power East China Company Sponsor Energy Foundation 1 Preface 1. Project background Since the implementation of the re and open policy, China’s electric power industry has been developing rapidly and great achievements have been made in power construction. However, there are still some obvious deficiencies associated with the power industrial policies, structures, and systems. These deficiencies have resulted in a series of issues such as low industrial productivity, unreasonable electricity price, limitation on resources optimization, inability to implement environmental protection policies, and so on. Therefore, the power industry must be subject to a market-oriented restructuring. In 2000, the pilot projects “Separating Power plants from Power Grids and Bidding to Generate” was carried out in 6 provinces municipalities. Certain achievements have been made in establishing a generation competitive market at provincial level. However, the provincial level power market has encountered some limitations in terms of resources optimization. So, further studies should be conducted on how to open the provincial level power market and establish regional power market so that resources can be optimized in a wider scope. The East China Power Grid has good economic conditions and market basis for the establishment of a regional power market. East China region is one of the forelands to implement the re and open policy in our country. It is also one of the pioneer regions to carry out market-oriented restructuring in the electric power industry. As the experimental province municipality, Zhejiang and Shanghai in the east China region have already been on a trial process, under which the power generation enterprises are “Bidding to Generate”. Electricity trade volume and varieties among various provinces municipality within the region have been increasing, which has laid the foundation for the establishment of a regional electric power market. In August 2001, with the economic assistance given by the Energy Foundation USA, the State Power Economic Research Center and the State Power Ease China Company jointly conducted a research on how to build an east China regional power market. In 2002, the Power Industry Re Document issued by the State Council has clearly defined the general goal of the market-oriented re in the power industry. The document states that one of the main tasks during the “Tenth Five Year Plan” period is to implement the policy of “Bidding to Generate”, to establish market operational rules and government supervision system, to preliminary establish, competitive, and open regional power markets, and to implement a new electricity price system. This has provided us with the direction for our research project. 2 2. Research approach and contents This research subject is intended to provide a comprehensive analysis on the power management system, market development status, tariff ation structure, characteristics of the power supply and demand, and environmental protection situations, etc., within the east China power grid. It is also to identify issues existed on the current trial market and inter-province electricity trading and explain the necessity to build a regional power market and find out possible obstacles ahead. Based on this, studies are conducted to find out a general framework for establishing a regional power market in the east China area and set up a stage-by-stage implementation program. And several optional market modes and related trading systems are put forward. The advantages and disadvantages of various options are studied and one of these options is selected and recommended following a comprehensive assessment. The implementation conditions for the recommended option are analyzed. The transmission grids serve as the carrier and channel of a regional power market. Power transmission price is an import part of the tariff system of the regional power market, which has big impacts on operation of the power trading and grid companies within the regional market. Therefore, our research has conducted an associated study on and design of the east China grid’s transmission price while designing the framework of east China regional power market. In order to further analyze the feasibility of the recommended regional power market design and transmission price and design programs, this research project has conducted a situational analysis on the price change trends following the implementation of the programs. Through simulated calculation of the generation tariff, transmission price, and electricity sale price, we have analyzed the impacts of the regional power market on the tariffs under different competitive conditions, and then analyzed the impacts of establishing the regional power market and transmission price system on the power customers and power generation enterprises in various provinces municipality. The power market is different from common commodity market. Effective supervision is important in that it ensures fair and stable operation of the power market. How to supervise over operation of the regional power market is a must-study subject during the establishment of a regional power market. Based on the spirit of state power system’s restructuring drive, our research subject has studied the functions of the East China electricity regulation agency, which is affiliated to the State Power Supervision Committee, during the establishment, development and perfection of east China power market. This research subject has also studied what supervision modes and main measures should be taken. 3 Promoting sustainable development is one of the fundamental principles that should be followed when we establish a regional power market. Power market competitions are usually based on power generation costs without taking into account the environmental costs and the value of regenerative energy, etc. Under such a competition system, the outcome of competition usually goes away from the sustainable development goals. Therefore, while establishing a competitive market, we need to study how to improve sustainable development. That is, we need to find out how to improve the energy efficiency, how to develop regenerative energy, and how to protect the environment, and so on. Our research subject has also conducted associated studies on the motivation system under which sustainable development can be achieved while building the east China regional power market. In accordance with the above approach, this research subject is divided into seven parts Part 1 studies the current situation of the east China power market; Part 2 looks into the framework design of east China regional power market; Part 3 deals with the transmission price design for the east China regional power market; Part 4 analyzes the tariff trends under the short-rang mode; Part 5 discusses the supervision of the power market; Part 6 deals with the sustainable development strategies; and Part 7 provides some recommendations of policy nature. During the study of this project, we received concerns and supports from relevant departments such as the State Planning the maximum dispatch load reached 42.31million kW; average per capita power consumption was 1318.7 kWh, which is higher than the average level of 1150 kWh in the whole country. However, the economic and power development in Anhui province is obviously slower than that of the other two provinces and Shanghai Municipality. In 2001, the annual average per capita GDP in Anhui province was RMB 5200, and the average per capita power consumption was 566.2 kWh. Both figures are obviously lower than the average levels in the whole country. Comparatively, the east China region lacks resources, and the power supply is mainly provided by fossil power plants, which mainly depends on fuel coal brought in from other regions. In 2001, the total installation capacity of the power grid in the whole region reached 59.32 million kW, of which fossil generation accounts for 90.3. So far the east China region has built a 500kV regional mainframe grid system. Various provinces municipality have built their complete 220kV power grid systems, which are equipped with at least two circuits of 500kV transmission lines interconnected with the regional mainframe grid system. Since during the past ten years, the management system of the power industry in east China region has been subject to a great change. Through gradually carrying out a diversified investment policy in power generation system, through implementing the policy of separating government functions from enterprises within the power industry, and through implementing State Council’s 2002 power system restructuring program, the power industry in east China region has gradually broken the original vertical monopoly system. So far, this region has ed a new management system under which the power generation companies operate independently and openly whereas the power transmission, distribution and sales are pered in an integrated and monopolized 5 manner. The generation companies are responsible for power generation and sell their electricity to the grid companies at a generation tariff approved by government or agreed through consultation. The grids companies are responsible for power transmission and distribution business, and supply electric power to the end power customers at catalog electricity price defined by the government. In response to the state requirement, the Shanghai Municipality and Zhejiang province have started to carry out the policy of “Separating Power Plants from Power Grids and Bidding to Generate” on a trial basis since 2000. So far a preliminary and competitive power generation market with certain limitations has been ed. Within the region, inter-province electricity trading has been developed rapidly in the past few years. The main characteristics of such trading include 1 the man entities involved in the inter-province electricity trading are East China Power Company, various provincial municipal power companies, and power entities from other regions; 2 the trading varieties include system dispatched electric power trading, trading of electricity generated in the name of other power entities through bidding, provincial municipal power generation through competitive bidding, and bilateral electricity trading, etc.; 3 the trading volume has been continuously increasing the total trading volume in 2001 was approximately 13.2 billion kWh, including the power sent over from other regions; 4 the trading is conducted mainly by means of electricity quantity adjustment among various provinces municipality and the trading result basically reflects the relationships of power supply and demand in various provinces municipality. Anhui is the province that exports electric power; Zhejiang and Shanghai are the provinces that import electric power; and Jiangsu is the province that is basically balanced in power supply and demand. By analyzing the current situation of east China’s power industry, we can see that the current management system can no longer fit the sound development of the power industry. This is especially because that the system lacks a fair competition environment and lacks a market system that can promote the optimization of power resources within the region. So, it is necessary to establish a competitive and open regional power market so that the power industry can develop in a sound manner. The main barriers for establishing a competitive regional power market include 1 the current planning management system has limited the development of regional power market; 2 the transmission grids have weak points that will affect fair competition; 3 the two provincial-level markets trading systems already established do not fit with each other, which hinders the establishment of a unified regional power market; 4 related state policies, such as taxation policy, lack a proper system to promote inter-province electricity trading; 5 the structure of the tariff ation is not reasonable, and the grids do not have a reasonable tariff improvement room; and 6 the power supply 6 development is facing such issues as big environmental protection pressure, etc. 2. East China regional power market framework design In accordance with the inter-province trading development in the east China region and with the operation status of the trial power markets within the region, it is necessary to establish a regional power market and open the power markets of various provinces municipality so as to provide the region with a fair competitive market environment for power development to improve the efficiency of the power industry and push forward optimization of regional power resources. I Regional power market for East China should be constructed by stage In accordance with the general requirements of the state power system restructuring drive, the market-oriented power industry re will start with the implementation of the policy of “Separating Power Plants from Power Grids and Bidding to Generate”. Associated trial work will be carried out in such a way that big power consumers are supplied directly by power distribution networks. Based on the trial work, a restructuring will be done to aim at separating power transmission system from power distribution system and at introducing competitions into the power sales system. The construction of power market in east China region should be considered in two stages. The near term mode is to establish such a regional market where power generation end competitive market is the main market . And this market will be gradually opened, through a trail work, so that big power customers can directly purchase electric power. The long term mode is to separate power transmission system from the power distribution system so as to a regional wholesale competitive market with multiple buyers and multiple sellers. According to the actual situation of east China region, 4 options of near term modes to establish east China regional power market are as follows Mode 1 Regional power market with free participation. Establish a regional power market where free participation is allowed. Provide various provincial municipality power grid companies with an electricity trading plat through defining the inter-province trading varieties and related rules in advance. Establish and improve a shared backup system among various provinces municipality within the region so as to strengthen the operation of the interconnected power grids within the region. Mode 2 Two-level coordinated power market. Establish two-level market, i.e., regional level and provincial municipal level markets, so that the provincial municipal power dispatch a
展开阅读全文